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CentOS 7.9 YUM 安装Dnsmasq环境

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[v_act]简介[/v_act]
        Dnsmasq 提供 DNS 缓存和 DHCP 服务功能。作为域名解析服务器(DNS)，Dnsmasq可以通过缓存 DNS 请求来提高对访问过的网址的连接速度。作为DHCP 服务器，Dnsmasq 可以用于为局域网电脑分配内网ip地址和提供路由。DNS和DHCP两个功能可以同时或分别单独实现。Dnsmasq轻量且易配置，适用于小型网络。此外它还自带了一个 PXE 服务器。
[v_act]环境说明[/v_act]
系统：CentOS最小化安装；升级内核及软件补丁；关闭SELinux和防火墙。
[v_act]安装程序[/v_act]
1、安装Dnsmasq程序包及DNS命令Dig程序包：yum install -y dnsmasq bind-utils

[root@dnsmasq ~]# yum install -y dnsmasq bind-utils
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
epel                                                                                                             | 4.7 kB  00:00:00
extras                                                                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
updates                                                                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
(1/5): epel/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                      |  96 kB  00:00:00
(2/5): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                    | 1.0 MB  00:00:00
(3/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                | 242 kB  00:00:00
(4/5): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                    | 6.9 MB  00:00:01
(5/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                               | 8.0 MB  00:00:02
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: bind-libs-lite(x86-64) = 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: bind-libs(x86-64) = 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: liblwres.so.160()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libbind9.so.160()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64
---> Package dnsmasq.x86_64 0:2.76-17.el7_9.1 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: bind-license = 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 for package: 32:bind-libs-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64
---> Package bind-libs-lite.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.3 will be updated
---> Package bind-libs-lite.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind-license.noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.3 will be updated
---> Package bind-license.noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================================================
 Package                          Arch                     Version                                      Repository                 Size
========================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 bind-utils                       x86_64                   32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5                      updates                   260 k
 dnsmasq                          x86_64                   2.76-17.el7_9.1                              updates                   280 k
Installing for dependencies:
 bind-libs                        x86_64                   32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5                      updates                   157 k
Updating for dependencies:
 bind-libs-lite                   x86_64                   32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5                      updates                   1.1 M
 bind-license                     noarch                   32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5                      updates                    91 k

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages (+1 Dependent package)
Upgrade             ( 2 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 1.9 M
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/5): bind-libs-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                 | 157 kB  00:00:00
(2/5): bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.noarch.rpm                                                              |  91 kB  00:00:00
(3/5): bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                | 260 kB  00:00:00
(4/5): dnsmasq-2.76-17.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                        | 280 kB  00:00:00
(5/5): bind-libs-lite-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64.rpm                                                            | 1.1 MB  00:00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                   2.4 MB/s | 1.9 MB  00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : 32:bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.noarch                                                                          1/7
  Updating   : 32:bind-libs-lite-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64                                                                        2/7
  Installing : 32:bind-libs-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64                                                                             3/7
  Installing : 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64                                                                            4/7
  Installing : dnsmasq-2.76-17.el7_9.1.x86_64                                                                                       5/7
  Cleanup    : 32:bind-libs-lite-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                                        6/7
  Cleanup    : 32:bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.3.noarch                                                                          7/7
  Verifying  : 32:bind-libs-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64                                                                             1/7
  Verifying  : 32:bind-libs-lite-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64                                                                        2/7
  Verifying  : 32:bind-utils-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.x86_64                                                                            3/7
  Verifying  : 32:bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5.noarch                                                                          4/7
  Verifying  : dnsmasq-2.76-17.el7_9.1.x86_64                                                                                       5/7
  Verifying  : 32:bind-license-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.3.noarch                                                                          6/7
  Verifying  : 32:bind-libs-lite-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.3.x86_64                                                                        7/7

Installed:
  bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5                               dnsmasq.x86_64 0:2.76-17.el7_9.1

Dependency Installed:
  bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5

Dependency Updated:
  bind-libs-lite.x86_64 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5                       bind-license.noarch 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5

Complete!

2、Dnsmasq主配置文件(/etc/dnsmasq.conf)几乎都是注释说明，保持默认不变即可；也可以清空注释按照格式自定义配置；
[v_act]DNS基本配置[/v_act]
1、根据主配置文件默认的配置文件目录路径(conf-dir=/etc/dnsmasq.d)中创建配置DNS专属配置文件(vim /etc/dnsmasq.d/dns.conf)

vim /etc/dnsmasq.d/dns.conf
# 配置Dnsmasq服务不读取resolv-file参数信息；即默认不从/etc/resolv.conf配置文件中获取上游DNS服务器地址；
no-resolv

# 自定义上游DNS服务器地址
server=114.114.114.114

# 配置Dnsmasq服务不读取本地hosts配置文件(/etc/hosts)信息；即默认不从/etc/hosts配置文件中获取DNS解析记录；
no-hosts

# 自定义Dnsmasq服务DNS解析文件路径，可以多次指定。如果指定为目录，则读取目录中的所有文件；
addn-hosts=/etc/dnsmasq.hosts

2、根据刚定义的配置按需创建自定义配置文件：vim /etc/dnsmasq.hosts

[root@dnsmasq ~]# vim /etc/dnsmasq.hosts
1.1.1.1 abc.com

3、启动Dnsmasq程序并配置服务为自启动：systemctl start dnsmasq && systemctl enable dnsmasq 

[root@dnsmasq ~]# systemctl start dnsmasq && systemctl enable dnsmasq
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dnsmasq.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service.

4、验证DNS配置
        内网自定义DNS解析记录

[root@dnsmasq ~]# dig abc.com

; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 <<>> abc.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25109
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;abc.com.                       IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
abc.com.                0       IN      A       1.1.1.1

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.80.248#53(192.168.80.248)
;; WHEN: Thu Jun 10 21:08:21 CST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 52

        外网公共DNS解析

[root@dnsmasq ~]# dig www.baidu.com

; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.5 <<>> www.baidu.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 18615
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.baidu.com.                 IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.baidu.com.          1066    IN      CNAME   www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com.       147     IN      A       112.80.248.75
www.a.shifen.com.       147     IN      A       112.80.248.76

;; Query time: 15 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.80.248#53(192.168.80.248)
;; WHEN: Thu Jun 10 21:13:12 CST 2021
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 101

[v_blue]通过验证得出不管是解析内网的自定义记录还是外网的公共域名，回复的服务器（SERVER）都是内网我们搭建搭建的DNS服务器，到此Dnsmasq关于DNS的基本配置完成；[/v_blue]
[v_act]DHCP基本配置[/v_act]
1、根据主配置文件默认的配置文件目录路径(conf-dir=/etc/dnsmasq.d)中创建配置DHCP专属配置文件(vim /etc/dnsmasq.d/dhcp.conf)

[root@dnsmasq ~]# vim /etc/dnsmasq.d/dhcp.conf
# 定义分配地址的默认租期时间；默认为150秒
dhcp-lease-max=150

# 定义可分配的ip地址段和租约时间
dhcp-range=192.168.80.100,192.168.80.150,255.255.255.0,1h

# 定义分配地址的路由（网关）地址
dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.80.254
# 定义分配地址的DNS服务器地址，多地址用逗号分隔
dhcp-option=option:dns-server,192.168.80.248

2、重启Dnsmasq服务：systemctl restart dnsmasq.service

[root@dnsmasq ~]# systemctl restart dnsmasq.service

3、验证DHCP配置
        DHCP客户机上查看已获取到IP地址等信息；

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device show ens33
GENERAL.DEVICE:                         ens33
GENERAL.TYPE:                           ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR:                         00:50:56:25:4A:A2
GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
GENERAL.STATE:                          100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     ens33
GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/33
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER:               on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         192.168.80.105/24
IP4.GATEWAY:                            192.168.80.254
IP4.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 192.168.80.254, mt = 100
IP4.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = 192.168.80.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
IP4.DNS[1]:                             192.168.80.248
IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         fe80::6254:8bbf:4b13:9559/64
IP6.ADDRESS[2]:                         fe80::f019:9f72:6cd9:5795/64
IP6.GATEWAY:                            --
IP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 100
IP6.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255

        根据DHCP客户机上的MAC地址查看Dnsmasq的DHCP租赁文件比对

[root@dnsmasq ~]# cat /var/lib/dnsmasq/dnsmasq.leases
1623335294 00:50:56:25:4a:a2 192.168.80.105 * *

[v_blue]通过验证得出客户机获取的地址就是服务器分配的，到此Dnsmasq关于DHCP的基本配置完成；[/v_blue]

正文完
CentOS DHCP DNS Dnsmasq
发表至： CentOS
2021-06-10
 0
Yvan
版权声明：本站原创文章，由 Yvan 于2021-06-10发表，共计5817字。
转载说明：除特殊说明外本站文章皆由CC-4.0协议发布，转载请注明出处。
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