一、说明
1、Rocky Linux 9.x 系统默认集成了 MySQL 8.0 的仓库源，因此可以通过 dnf 命令直接在线安装，优点是操作简单快捷，缺点是 MySQL 的小版本随系统仓库更新，无法自由选择较新的小版本。
2、本文采用的是 MySQL 官方仓库源 进行安装，优点是可灵活选择并安装最新的小版本，缺点是相较系统仓库安装方式，步骤稍微多一些。
二、安装部署
1、安装 MySQL 官方 YUM 仓库：dnf install -y https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el9-2.noarch.rpm
# dnf install -y https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el9-2.noarch.rpm mysql84-community-release-el9-2.noarch.rpm 5.0 kB/s | 14 kB 00:02 Dependencies resolved. ===================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================== Installing: mysql84-community-release noarch el9-2 @commandline 14 k Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total size: 14 k Installed size: 16 k Downloading Packages: Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : mysql84-community-release-el9-2.noarch 1/1 Running scriptlet: mysql84-community-release-el9-2.noarch 1/1 Verifying : mysql84-community-release-el9-2.noarch 1/1 Installed: mysql84-community-release-el9-2.noarch Complete!
2、查看已启用仓库：dnf repolist all | grep mysql
# dnf repolist all | grep mysql mysql-8.4-lts-community MySQL 8.4 LTS Community Se enabled mysql-8.4-lts-community-debuginfo MySQL 8.4 LTS Community Se disabled mysql-8.4-lts-community-source MySQL 8.4 LTS Community Se disabled mysql-cluster-8.0-community MySQL Cluster 8.0 Communit disabled mysql-cluster-8.0-community-debuginfo MySQL Cluster 8.0 Communit disabled mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluster 8.0 Communit disabled mysql-cluster-8.4-lts-community MySQL Cluster 8.4 LTS Comm disabled mysql-cluster-8.4-lts-community-debuginfo MySQL Cluster 8.4 LTS Comm disabled mysql-cluster-8.4-lts-community-source MySQL Cluster 8.4 LTS Comm disabled mysql-cluster-innovation-community MySQL Cluster Innovation R disabled mysql-cluster-innovation-community-debuginfo MySQL Cluster Innovation R disabled mysql-cluster-innovation-community-source MySQL Cluster Innovation R disabled mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community enabled mysql-connectors-community-debuginfo MySQL Connectors Community disabled mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community disabled mysql-innovation-community MySQL Innovation Release C disabled mysql-innovation-community-debuginfo MySQL Innovation Release C disabled mysql-innovation-community-source MySQL Innovation Release C disabled mysql-tools-8.4-lts-community MySQL Tools 8.4 LTS Commun enabled mysql-tools-8.4-lts-community-debuginfo MySQL Tools 8.4 LTS Commun disabled mysql-tools-8.4-lts-community-source MySQL Tools 8.4 LTS Commun disabled mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community disabled mysql-tools-community-debuginfo MySQL Tools Community - De disabled mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - So disabled mysql-tools-innovation-community MySQL Tools Innovation Com disabled mysql-tools-innovation-community-debuginfo MySQL Tools Innovation Com disabled mysql-tools-innovation-community-source MySQL Tools Innovation Com disabled mysql80-community MySQL 8.0 Community Server disabled mysql80-community-debuginfo MySQL 8.0 Community Server disabled mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server disabled
3、禁用 8.4 仓库，启用 8.0 仓库：
# dnf config-manager –disable mysql-8.4-lts-community mysql-tools-8.4-lts-community
# dnf config-manager –enable mysql80-community mysql-tools-community
4、安装MySQL：dnf install -y mysql-community-server
# dnf install -y mysql-community-server MySQL Connectors Community 38 kB/s | 90 kB 00:02 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 767 kB/s | 2.7 MB 00:03 MySQL Tools Community 262 kB/s | 1.2 MB 00:04 Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Tue 29 Jul 2025 08:00:28 PM CST. Dependencies resolved. ===================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-server x86_64 8.0.43-1.el9 mysql80-community 50 M Installing dependencies: libaio x86_64 0.3.111-13.el9 baseos 23 k ......此处省略...... net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.64.20160912git.el9 baseos 294 k Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================== Install 8 Packages Total download size: 59 M Installed size: 338 M Downloading Packages: (1/8): mysql-community-common-8.0.43-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 336 kB/s | 556 kB 00:01 ......此处省略...... (8/8): mysql-community-server-8.0.43-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 14 MB/s | 50 MB 00:03 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 9.4 MB/s | 59 MB 00:06 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 3.0 MB/s | 3.1 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0xA8D3785C: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" Fingerprint: BCA4 3417 C3B4 85DD 128E C6D4 B7B3 B788 A8D3 785C From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023 Key imported successfully MySQL 8.0 Community Server 3.0 MB/s | 3.1 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x3A79BD29: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" Fingerprint: 859B E8D7 C586 F538 430B 19C2 467B 942D 3A79 BD29 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022 Key imported successfully Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : mysql-community-common-8.0.43-1.el9.x86_64 1/8 ......此处省略...... Verifying : libaio-0.3.111-13.el9.x86_64 8/8 Installed: libaio-0.3.111-13.el9.x86_64 mysql-community-client-8.0.43-1.el9.x86_64 ......此处省略...... mysql-community-server-8.0.43-1.el9.x86_64 net-tools-2.0-0.64.20160912git.el9.x86_64 Complete!
5、启动并设置服务开机启动：systemctl enable –now mysqld
# systemctl enable --now mysqld
# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-07-29 20:02:06 CST; 5s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 3776 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 3897 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 38 (limit: 48698)
Memory: 490.7M
CPU: 3.685s
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─3897 /usr/sbin/mysqld
Jul 29 20:01:56 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jul 29 20:02:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
6、查验安装版本：mysqladmin -V
# mysqladmin -V mysqladmin Ver 8.0.43 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
7、查看root用户临时密码：grep ‘temporary password’ /var/log/mysqld.log
# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2025-07-29T12:02:02.627256Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,iP-yZ,uj9d%
至此，MySQL 已完成安装部署。若在生产环境中使用，建议继续执行下面的初始化配置操作，以提升安全性与稳定性。
三、初始化操作
1、使用临时密码执行 mysql_secure_installation 命令进行初始化操作：mysql_secure_installation
# mysql_secure_installation Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root: # 输入临时密码 The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password. New password: # 设置新密码 Re-enter new password: # 确认新密码 The 'validate_password' component is installed on the server. The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the component. Using existing password for root. Estimated strength of the password: 100 Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : No # 输入No无需再次更换密码 ... skipping. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Yes # 输入Yes确认删除匿名用户 Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Yes # 输入Yes禁止root远程登录 Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Yes # 输入Yes删除test测试数据库 - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Yes # 输入Yes重新加载权限表 Success. All done!
2、初始化执行了以下安全加固措施：
1、重设了 root 密码
2、保留已有密码，不再二次更改
3、删除匿名用户
4、禁止 root 用户远程登录
5、删除 test 数据库
6、刷新权限表
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